太阳能光伏产业可持续发展理论研究思考

从太阳能光伏产业发展出发,结合产业组织理论与可持续发展理论,提出太阳能光伏产业可持续发展理论研究体系,包括太阳能光伏产业可持续发展的基本内涵、资源配置、理论模式、运行机制等;我国太阳能光伏产业发展的物质基础、技术基础、现状、障碍及风险预测预警机制;从核心竞争力、核心技术研发及全球化等方面实现我国太阳能光伏产业可持续发展战略路径选择。太阳能光伏产业可持续发展理论的研究,对深化再生能源健康发展、规范可再生能源市场、保障能源安全、丰富产业经济学与能源经济学具有重要的理论与实践价值。     

Can innovation shocks determine CO2 emissions (CO2e) in the OECD economies? A new perspective

ABSTRACT

This study has attempted to address prior knowledge gaps in the environmental economics literature by integrating the innovation shocks into the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) equation for twenty-six OECD economies using data from 1990 to 2014. Foreign direct investment (FDI), exports (EXP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and GDP per capita were included as control variables. The results from multiple empirical analyses indicated that positive shocks to innovation improve, but the negative shocks disrupt environmental quality. Data analyses also showed that a positive correlation exists between income per capita of OECD economies. From the negative coefficient of income per capita (squared) and the existence of a negative nexus between FDI and CO2e, both the EKC and the Pollution Halo Hypothesis (PHH) were confirmed in sampled economies, respectively. The paper offers empirical support for the favourable impacts of REC on the quality of the environment and calls for the adoption of innovation shocks as a policy instrument to formulate better environmental policies for a sustainable future.     

从我国能源消费现状看建设资源节约型社会的必要性和紧迫性

本文根据大量最新统计资料，详细分析了我国的能源消费现状以及国际能源市场的最新变化，指出了我国建设资源节约型社会的必要性和紧迫性。针对建设资源节约型社会在能源领域的实现途径．本文随后给出了若干政策建议。     

清洁发展机制及其对我国可再生能源发电的启示

清洁发展机制（CDM）是近几年来国际社会的热门话题，本文从走循环经济道路和建立环境友好型社会出发，结合清洁发展机制，从各方面分析了我国可再生能源发电的现状和CDM项目的市场潜力及优势。进而根据目前我国CDM项目的开发情况分别从微观和宏观两个层面提出了一些建议，如选择合适的融资方式、强化政策体系的建设与创新、提高国际谈判能力和建立CDM联系机制等。     

江苏省开发区土地利用集约度的诱因分析

作为地区经济发展的重要载体,开发区在带动区域产业发展和城市化水平提高方面具有重要意义。然而,由于存在功能定位不清、产业结构趋同等问题,开发区的土地浪费与低效利用现象普遍存在。即使是在土地集约利用程度较高的江苏省开发区,也存在区域内部和区域间土地集约利用水平的差异。文章利用Eviews3.0统计软件,采用经济计量分析方法,对江苏省开发区土地集约利用的影响因素进行实证分析,以探讨促进土地集约利用的途径与措施。研究结果表明,不同的经济发展阶段导致开发区土地利用的集约水平不同。而在同一经济发展水平上,开发区的土地利用结构、土地开发率、地均投资强度以及开发区的土地市场发育程度和工业用地出让的市场化率是影响开发区土地利用集约程度的重要驱动因素。因此,应结合地区经济发展现状与趋势,从提高开发区投资强度、优化用地结构、积极培育土地市场发育等方面制定相应的土地集约利用经济激励机制和措施。     

中国能源消费与经济关系分析

足够的能源供应是经济可持续发展的基础。1952～2004年中国能源强度值在经历了长期而波动的高值状态后,从1977年开始逐年下降,能源强度值在1991年降至0.30tce/103yuan水平以下,到2004年仅为0.16tce/103yuan。作者分析了影响中国能源消费总量、GDP、能源强度值变化的因素,通过对各产业能源强度、中外能源强度、中外能源消费结构、中外产业结构对比,揭示了第二产业能源强度值过高及其过半的产业比重、以煤炭为主的能源消费结构都是中国能源强度值过高的根本原因。但是通过对各产业对经济增长的贡献分析,发现第二产业对经济增长的贡献强度要强于第三产业。因此,作者指出,在以经济目标为首要任务的现阶段,解决能源与经济的可持续发展的重点应放在第二产业能源强度值的降低,以及第二产业向第三产业的适当转移。     

需求势能理论在多级物流网络预选点中的应用

针对分销物流网络的特点,提出了基于服务时限的多级物流网络选址问题和选点思路,应用需求势能理论建立了多网点选址数学模型,并提出了详尽的求解方法和步骤。最后通过医药分销物流网络系统的实例分析,说明了该方法在网络选点过程中的模型化方法和求解步骤。     

节约型城市与北京城市发展

分析了北京的自然资源状况,认为目前的经济发展模式依然是粗放的,是不可持续的;北京必须选择走"节约型城市"的道路,别无其他选择;提出了建设"节约型城市"的思路和方法.     

Sectoral Energy- and Labour-Productivity Convergence

This paper empirically investigates the development of cross-country differences in energy- and labour productivity. The analysis is performed at a detailed sectoral level for 14 OECD countries, covering the period 1970–1997. A σ-convergence analysis reveals that the development over time of the cross-country variation in productivity performance differs across sectors as well as across different levels of aggregation. Both patterns of convergence as well as divergence are found. Cross-country variation of productivity levels is typically larger for energy than for labour. A β-convergence analysis provides support for the hypothesis that in most sectors lagging countries tend to catch up with technological leaders, in particular in terms of energy productivity. Moreover, the results show that convergence is conditional, meaning that productivity levels converge to country-specific steady states. Energy prices and wages are shown to positively affect energy- and labour-productivity growth, respectively. We also find evidence for the importance of economies of scale, whereas the investment share, openness and specialization play only a modest role in explaining cross-country variation in energy- and labour-productivity growth.      

Climate Change Taxes and Energy Efficiency in Japan

In 2003 Japan proposed a Climate Change Tax to reduce its CO₂ emissions to the level required by the Kyoto Protocol. If implemented, the tax would be levied on fossil fuel use and the revenue distributed to encourage the purchase of energy efficient equipment. Analysis using the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model shows that this policy is unlikely to bring Japan into compliance with its Kyoto target unless the subsidy encourages improvement in energy intensity well beyond Japan’s recent historical experience. Similar demand-management programs in the US, where there has been extensive experience, have not been nearly as effective as they would need to be to achieve energy efficiency goals of the proposal. The Tax proposal also calls for limits on international emission trading. We find that this limit substantially affects costs of compliance. The welfare loss with full emissions trading is 1/6 that when Japan meets its target though domestic actions only, the carbon price is lower, and there is a smaller loss of energy-intensive exports. Japan can achieve substantial savings from emissions trading even under cases where, for example, the full amount of the Russian allowance is not available in international markets.